O padrão esquelético como fator de risco de desenvolvimento da síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono

Abstract

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by recurrent episodes of upper airway obstruction during sleep, often leading to excessive daytime sleepiness. Objective: To investigate whether sagittal facial skeletal pattern is associated with excessive daytime sleepiness, suggesting an increased risk for OSAS. Methodology: A retrospective evaluation was conducted of multislice computed tomography scans of the face and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores from 96 patients who had undergone combined orthodontic-orthognathic treatment. Clinical data, such as age, sex, predominant breathing pattern, and presence of snoring, along with tomography and ESS scores were collected from patient records. The cephalometric measurements SNA, SNB, and ANB were used to assess the sagittal positioning of the maxilla and mandible, as well as to classify the skeletal pattern (Classes I, II, and III). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test, Student's t-test, and the Chi-Square test. Results: A significant association was found between Class I skeletal pattern and higher ESS scores (p = 0.019), suggesting these individuals are more likely to develop OSAS. Higher ESS scores were also significantly correlated with a mixed breathing pattern (p = 0.04) and the presence of snoring (p = 0.056). No significant associations were observed between ESS scores and sex (p = 0.648), age groups (p = 0.275), or isolated SNA and SNB values. Conclusion: Patients with a Class I skeletal pattern showed a greater propensity for excessive daytime sleepiness, identifying them as a potential risk group for OSAS. Additionally, mixed breathing patterns and snoring were found to be potentially associated with daytime sleepiness and should be considered during clinical evaluation.