Brüderkrieg: guerra civil e o início do fim da unidade do império carolíngio
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.9771/rvh.v8i1.48272Palabras clave:
Império Carolíngio, Brüderkrieg, Cultura Política MedievalResumen
Na documentação oriunda do século IX, a batalha de Fontenoy (841) e seu contexto mais amplo, a guerra civil que envolveu Lothar I, Luís o Germânico e Carlos o Calvo, a assim chamada Brüderkrieg ou Guerra entre irmãos, são vistas como marcos da dissolução do Império Carolíngio. Nosso artigo tem como objetivo reexaminar as evidências textuais (como os Anais de St. Bertin, os Anais de Fulda, as Histórias de Nithard e Versus de bella quae fuit acta Fontaneto de Angelbert) e iconográficas (como as contidas no Codex Perizoni F 17 e no Codex Sangalensis 22) à luz de análises ligadas a temas como os padrões da Cultura Política desenvolvida no Império Carolíngio, especificamente no que diz respeito à continuidade da Ideologia imperial e dos destinos da Aristocracia Imperial criada por Carlos Magno e estilhaçada durante as guerras civis, que nos permitiu alcançar conclusões muito divergentes das já consolidadas acerca do dito declínio do Império Carolíngio.
Descargas
Citas
a) Documentos
ANNALES XANTENSES, SIMSON, Bernhard de (ed.). Monumenta Germaniae historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, Hannover, 1909.
ANGELBERT, Versus de Bella quae fuit acta Fontaneto, in: http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/Angelbert.html, acessada a 02/11/14.
DAVIS, Raymond (trad.). The Lives of the Ninth-Century Popes (Liber Pontificalis), Liverpool: Liverpool UP, 1995.
MACLEAN, Simon (trad.). History and Politics in Late Carolingian and Ottonian Europe – The Chronicle of Regino of Prüm and Adalbert of Magdeburg, Manchester: Manchester UP, 2009.
NELSON, Janet L. (trad.). The Annals of St.-Bertin, Ninth-century histories, volume I, Manchester: Manchester UP, 1991.
RÁBANO MAURO. Commentaria in Libris Maccabeorum In: MIGNE, J.P. Patrologia Latina, 109, col. 1122-1256.
REUTER, Timothy (trad.). The Annals of Fulda, Ninth-century histories, volume II, Manchester: Manchester UP, 1993.
SCHOLZ, Bernhard Walter (trad.). Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard's Histories, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1970.
SQUATRITI, Paolo (trad.). The Complete Works of Liudprand of Cremona, Washington DC: Catholic University of America Press, 2007, pp. 111.
b) Bibliografia Secundária:
AIRLIE, Stuart. “The Aristocracy”, in: MCKITTERICK, Rosamond (ed.). New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume II c.700 – c. 900, Cambridge: CUP, 1995, pp. 431-450.
ARAUJO, Vinicius Cesar Dreger de. “Frederico I Barbarossa contra Milão (1158-1162): uma campanha vegeciana?”, Politéia: História e Sociedade, volume 13, n. 2, 2013, pp. 155-191.
BACHRACH, David S. Warfare in Tenth-Century Germany, Woodbridge: Boydell, 2012.
BOOKER, Courtney M. Past Convictions – The Penance of Louis the Pious and the Decline of the Carolingians, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009.
BOWLUS, Charles R. The Battle of Lechfeld and its Aftermath, August 955, Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006.
COSTAMBEYS, Marios, INNES, Matthew & MACLEAN, Simon. The Carolingian World, Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2011.
COUPLAND, Simon.“Carolingian Arms and Armor in the Ninth Century”, Viator: Medieval and Renaissance Studies, v.21, 1990, pp. 29-50.
DE JONG. Mayke. “The Empire that was always Decaying: The Carolingians (800-888)”, Medieval Worlds: Comparative & Interdisciplinary Studies, Volume 2015.2, pp. 06-25.
DIEBOLD, William J. “Verbal, visual and cultural literacy in medieval art: word and image in the Psalter of Charles the Bald”, Word & Image, volume 8, n. 02, Abril-Junho, 1992, pp. 89-99.
DUCKETT, Eleanor Shipley. Carolingian Portraits: A study in the ninth century, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1988.
DUNPHY, Graeme (org.). The Encyclopedia of the Medieval Chronicle, volumes 1 e 2, Leiden: Brill, 2010.
EUW, Anton von. Die St. Galler Buchkunst vom 8. bis zum Ende des 11. Jahrhunderts, Volume I: Textband, St. Gallen, 2008
GILLINGHAM, John. “Fontenoy and after: pursuing enemies to death”, in: FOURACRE, Paul and GANZ, David. Frankland: The Franks and the world of the Early Middle Ages, Manchester: Manchester UP, 2008, pp. 242-265.
GOLDBERG, Eric J. “‘More Devoted to the Equipment of Battle than the Splendor of Banquets’: Frontier Kingship, Martial Ritual, and Early Knighthood at the Court of Louis the German.” Viator, 30, 1999, pp. 41-78.
GOLDBERG, Eric J. Struggle for Empire: Kingship and Conflict under Louis the German, 817-876, Ithaca: Cornell UP, 2006.
HALSALL, Guy. Warfare and Society in the Barbarian West, 450-900, Londres: Routledge, 2003.
HOFFMANN, Hartmut. Buchkunst und Königtum im Ottonischen-frühsalsichen Reich, Stuttgart, 1986, p. 97.
HOLCOMB, Melanie. Pen and Parchment – Drawing in the Middle Ages, New York/New Haven: Metropolitan Museum of Art/Yale University Press, 2009, pp. 46-48.
LE GOFF, Jacques. As Raízes Medievais da Europa, Petrópilis: Vozes, 2007.
MARTINDALE, Jane. “Charles the Bald and the government of the kingdom of Aquitaine”, in: GIBSON, M.T. & NELSON, J. L. (ed.). Charles the Bald – Court and Kingdom, Aldershot: Ashgate, 1990, pp. 115-138.
MERTON, Adolf. Die Buchmalerei des IX. Jahrhunderts in St. Gallen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Initial-Ornamentik, Halle, 1911.
NELSON, Janet L. “Ninth-century Knighthood: The Evidence of Nithard”, in: NELSON. The Frankish World 750-900, Londres: Hambledon Press, 2003, pp.75-87.
NELSON, Janet L. Charles the Bald, Londres: Routledge, 1992.
RABB, Theodore K. The Artist and the Warrior: Military history through the eyes of the masters, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011, pp. 37-41.
REUTER, Timothy. “Plunder and tribute in the Carolingian empire”, in: REUTER, Timothy. Medieval Polities and Modern Mentalities, Cambridge: CUP, 2006, pp. 231-250.
REUTER, Timothy. Germany in the Early Middle Ages 800-1056, Londres: Longman, 1991.
RICHÉ, Pierre. The Carolingians: A family who forged Europe, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993.
VERBRUGGEN, J.F. The Art of Warfare in Western Europe during the Middle Ages from the Eighth Century to 1340, Woodbridge: Boydell, 1998.
WITTEKIND, Susanne. “Die Makkabäer als Vorbild des geistlichen Kampfes: Eine kunsthistorische Deutung des Leidener Makkabäer-Codex Perizoni 17”, Frühmittelalterliche Studien, vol. 37, (2003), p. 47-71.
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2022 Revista Veredas da História
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/4.0/88x31.png)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.