Tissue engineering strategies in the bone reconstruction

Abstract

The possibility of regeneration and repair of damaged tissues and organs has been a major concern for centuries. Appropriate bone reconstruction depend on the tissue engineering promoted by the Mesenchymal stem cells. However, the knowledge about their origin and fenotypical features, as wel as, about the growth factors that govern their activities and the steps related to tissue regeneration is limited. Practical methods involving the ex vivo expansion and in vivo transplantation of the stem cells are currently being tested. On the other hand, recent advancements in the biomaterial field have concentrated efforts towards its clinical application. This paper seeks to review the most important aspects of the Mesenchymal stem cells in the strategies of bony tissue engineering.