Estudo fitoquímico e propriedades de Andira paniculata Benth (Fabaceae) na inibição de linhagens tumorais de leucemia, próstata e carcinoma de cólon

Abstract

The Brazilian Cerrado is home to numerous plant species, including the genus Andira, or angelins, known mainly for its anthelmintic and insecticidal properties. This work aimed to evaluate the toxic, antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of the leaf fractions from Andira paniculata Benth and investigate the chemical constituents present in this material, whose phytochemical profile is unknown in the literature. In toxicity tests against Artemia salina, it was observed that the fractions in methanol, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane are non-toxic, LC₅₀ above 1000 µg.mL^-1. For the antibacterial assay, the fractions showed no inhibitory or bactericidal effect against any of the bacteria tested: Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with values of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) greater than 1000 µg.mL^-1. In the cytotoxicity test, dichloromethane fraction showed growth inhibition against two tumor cells: HL60 (leukemia, IC₅₀ 33.06 µg. mL^-1), HCT-116 (colon carcinoma, IC₅₀ 70.07 µg. mL^-1) and PC3 (prostate, IC₅₀ 80,04 µg.mL^-1), not inhibiting the growth of non-tumor cells (L929, mouse fibroblast, IC₅₀ >100 µg.mL^-1). The phytochemical study revealed the presence of three flavonoids in the ethyl acetate fraction: (-)-epicatechin, engeletin and astilbin, whose structures were confirmed by 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectrometry. This is the first report of the occurrence of these substances in A. paniculata.