Genetics of the breast cancer hereditary

Abstract

The breast cancer is one of the neoplasms that present growing occurrence in the industrialized countries and also in developing countries, like Brazil. Clinical, epidemic and genetic studies have been identifying biological and social characteristics as risk factors associated with this neoplasm. Among the main causes of the disease it is the family history, age, condition economical partner, ionizing radiation, and several other metabolic factors and hormone, and more recently the susceptibility genes denominated BRCA. These genes, considered suppressor tumors, codify nuclear proteins that are related with several functions in the cellular cycle, and inactivate can drive to the instability genome, defects in the DNA double strand break repair, and, consequently, advantage additional mutations in other genes that are involved with the multiplication process and cellular differentiation. The present article makes a revision of the genes of susceptibility of the breast cancer BRCA-1 and BRCA-2, fundamental in the understanding of the genetic predisposition of this pathology.